Before talking about knowledge governance, which this article addresses, it should be noted that any transformation and transition must, from scratch, be surrounded by many difficulties and randomness, and this statement applies to the transition from the previous capitalist economic systems to a knowledge-based economy. Between this transformation, with economic changes and new interactions, many institutions have experienced a great deal of capital fluctuation, resulting in mismanagement and widespread corruption due to misperceptions and, consequently, economic collapses in major international businesses, including a lack of transparency in all matters relating to financial lists and accounting procedures.

In forecasting

In preceding

In my previous articles, I mentioned that a knowledge economy is an economy in which knowledge resources such as research, creative skills, talent of all kinds, and technical expertise, are critical, and a priority for other economic resources, which are at the forefront of this as an alternative to the manufacturing economy, or the industrial economy. According to the British definition, the vitality of the knowledge economy lies in the expertise and distinctive management of competitive knowledge services and products.

If we are going to talk about the Fourth Industrial Revolution, it is necessary to be exposed briefly to the stages that preceded this revolution. The First Industrial Revolution was based on the energy of water and steam engines to produce mechanics: the invention of James Watt, in 1775, contributed to the extension of industry in the 19th century from England to Europe and the United States, and the Second Industrial Revolution was based on electric power to create mass production, and this was the most important feature, which began in the early 20th century with the creations of Henry Ford in the production line.

The old philosophers stressed that knowledge is power, that knowledge and human power are sprawling, and that the most painful thing for Man was to have knowledge, but lack the strength and that power, which means action and the ability to apply knowledge and transform it into an economy, because that is the ultimate goal in life.